- Which question is safer, electric cigarettes or ordinary cigarettes, become debates in the community. Electric cigarettes are often considered a healthier alternative, because it does not produce smoke like conventional cigarettes. However, recent research shows that electric cigarettes carry significant health risks, including diabetes, hypertension, and even sudden death. Medicine (FK) SURABAYA STATE UNIVERSITY (UNESA) , dr. Rahmantio Adi, Sp.Pd, explained the findings of several studies that discussed the use of electric cigarettes related to diabetes and hypertension.
First, ' Impact of Electronic Cigarette Use on the Increased Risk of Diabetes: The Korean Community Health Survey ' published in the Journal of Epidemiology and Health . The journal said that electric smokers have a risk of diabetes 15% higher than non-smokers. Conversely, conventional smokers have a higher risk of 22%.
"higher in those who are dual smoker, or users of the combination of electric and conventional cigarettes, have the highest risk, which is 39% greater than non-smokers on The risk of diabetes, "he said.
In another article, entitled" an updated overview of e -cigarette Impact on Human Health "in the journal" Respiratory Research "published by the Biomed Center, calling the aerosol smoke produced Some substances that cause harmful effects, one of which is oxidative stress.
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Health and Diseases "published by the Biomedic Center, explaining how oxidative stress has an impact on diabetes.
Oxidative stress causes injury to endothelial cells, decreases the expression of enzyme enzymes (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) and NO production (nitric oxide) . This decrease in NO causes blood flow to decrease, thus inhibiting glucose taking by cells. insulin such as PI3K/AKT and Glut4, which plays a role in taking glucose.
"As a result, there is a decrease in insulin sensitivity in body tissues. Furthermore, oxidative stress increases levels of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), which stimulates Increased glucose production by the liver, worsens overall insulin resistance, "he continued.
When the body has insulin resistance conditions, body cells such as hepatocytes, adipocytes, and monocytes do not respond to insulin properly, so that glucose levels blood increases.
Journal of "Obesity and Insulin Resistance: An Abridged Molecular Correlation" which in the journal "Sage Journal" states, although pancreatic beta cells try to overcome this disorder by increasing insulin secretion, the body still experiences hyperinsulinemia. < /P>
Over time, pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin begin to lose their function due to increasing insulin demand. In some individuals who experience insulin resistance, but do not develop hyperglycemia, beta cells can still produce insulin, but in people with type 2 diabetes, the ability of beta cells to respond to decreased insulin sensitivity decreases.
As a result, beta cell dysfunction occurs which causes glucose intolerance and an increase in fasting glucose levels that lead to type 2 diabetes.
"high levels of free fatty acids due to lipolysis play a role in damage to beta cells, reduce insulin secretion, and worsen the condition of insulin resistance, which finally Causes type 2 diabetes, "he added.
Not only diabetes, the use of electric cigarettes also has the potential for hypertension. Article with the title "Cardiopulmonary Impact of Electronic Cigarettes and Vaping Products: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association" from the journal American Heart Association explains, one of the electric cigarette materials namely nicotine, can trigger the activation of the sympathetic nervous system.
This causes the release of the adrenaline hormone which increases the heart rate and blood pressure. "Increased blood pressure that continues to cause chronic hypertension, which ultimately increases the risk of heart failure or stroke," said the FK lecturer.
Passive smokers are also at risk
Exposure to Aerosol Electric Cigarettes is also dangerous for passive smokers. Small particles of vape vapor contain chemical compounds that can cause inflammation of the respiratory tract and increased risk of hypertension even in people who do not smoke.
In certain cases, repeated exposure can trigger fatal conditions such as acute respiratory failure or sudden heart damage , known as e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury or evali.
Then what about the content of electric cigarettes without nicotine? The lecturer born in the city of Heroes revealed that even though there was no nicotine content, there were two main ingredients that were often found.
The two ingredients include Propylene Glycol (PG) and Vegetable Glycerine (VG). The danger of the two ingredients is explained in the article with the title "Effects of Electronic Cigarette Constituents on the Human Lung: A Pilot Clinical Trial" in the American Association for Cancer Research Journal.
inflammation. The inflammation mentioned is the body's reaction to the exposure of PG and VG which may trigger irritation in the lungs. His familiar greeting, emphasizing the importance of education about the dangers of electric cigarettes and mistaken perceptions that vape is a safe alternative.
Based on the research mentioned, the only way to protect health is to reduce smoking activity in all forms of cigarettes. A more stringent regulation is also needed to limit the circulation and use of electric cigarettes, especially among minors. (*)
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Reporter: Muhammad Dian Purnama (FMIPA)
Editor: @zam*
Illustration: < a href = "// pixabay.com/id/users/myriams- fotos-1627417/" Target = "_ Blank"> myriams-fotos/pixabay.com
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